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}} Gu Yanwu () (July 15, 1613– February 15, 1682), also known as Gu Tinglin (), was a Chinese philologist and geographer. He spent his youth during the Manchu conquest of China in anti-Manchu activities after the Ming Dynasty had been overthrown. He never served the Qing Dynasty. Instead, he traveled throughout the country and devoted himself to studies. ==Biography== Gu, a native of Jiangsu, was born as Gu Jiang (). Gu began his schooling at the age of 14. In the spring of 1645, Gu was recommended to be the position of ''Bingbu Siwu'' in the royal court at Nanjing. There he proposed many ideas. Unsatisfied with the royal court's organisation, Gu resigned and returned to his hometown. In 1655, local officials laid charges against him and threw him into prison. He was released from prison with the help of a friend. Inspired by Chen Di, who had demonstrated that the Old Chinese has its own phonological system, Gu divided the rhymes of Old Chinese into 10 groups, the first one to do so. His positivist approach to a variety of disciplines, and his criticism of Neo-Confucianism had a huge influence on later scholars. His works include ''Yinxue Wushu'' (音學五書), ''Ri Zhi Lu'' (日知錄) and ''Zhao Yu Zhi'' (肇域志). Along with Wang Fuzhi and Huang Zongxi, Gu was named as one of the most outstanding Confucian scholars of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. In 1682, while returning from a friend's home to Huaying, Gu fell from horseback and died the next day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gu Yanwu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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